Server Management
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How to Fix “Error: MySQL Shutdown Unexpectedly” in XAMPP
Fix the "MySQL shutdown unexpectedly" error in XAMPP: rename mysql/data to data_old, copy mysql/backup as the new data, restore your…
How to Fix Missing Authorization Header in PHP Requests
Fix a missing Authorization header in PHP requests: forward it via .htaccess RewriteRule [E=...] or Apache SetEnvIf. Includes cPanel Pre-VirtualHost…
How to Enable the PHP DOM Extension
Enable the PHP DOM extension: install php-xml (or php8.x-xml), uncomment extension=dom in php.ini or run phpenmod dom, then restart PHP-FPM…
How to Delete All Lines in a File with Vi or Vim
Delete all lines in a file with Vi or Vim using :%d (shortest), :1,$d (explicit range), or ggdG (normal mode).…
How to Configure Nginx for a Subdirectory
Configure Nginx to serve a subdirectory like example.com/api/ alongside WordPress — alias, try_files, nested PHP-FPM location, and the SCRIPT_FILENAME pitfall.
How to Check Your Ubuntu Version
Check your Ubuntu version with lsb_release -a (clean), cat /etc/os-release (scriptable), cat /etc/issue, hostnamectl, or Settings → About on the…
How to Check the Linux OS Name and Version from the Command Line
Check the Linux OS name and version from the command line — cat /etc/os-release (universal), lsb_release -a, hostnamectl, and uname…
How to Change the Default SSH Port on Linux
Change the default SSH port on Linux (AlmaLinux, Ubuntu, Debian) without locking yourself out — firewall, SELinux semanage, sshd_config, systemctl…
How to Add and Delete Users on a Linux Server from the Terminal
Add and delete users on a Linux server (AlmaLinux, Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL) from the terminal — adduser, passwd, usermod -aG…
How to Enable CageFS for a User on CloudLinux / cPanel
Enable CageFS for a user on CloudLinux/cPanel — cagefsctl --enable from CLI, the CloudLinux Manager toggle in WHM, and how…