Server Management
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How to Harden a Fresh Ubuntu VPS: UFW + Fail2Ban + SSH Key Auth
New-VPS hardening checklist for Ubuntu: non-root sudo user, SSH key auth, disabled root/password login, UFW firewall, Fail2Ban, and unattended security…
How to Set Up Let’s Encrypt SSL with Certbot on Ubuntu (Apache & Nginx)
Install Let's Encrypt SSL on Ubuntu with Certbot — Apache and Nginx, auto-renewal via systemd timer, force-HTTPS redirect, wildcard certs,…
What Does the -y Flag Do in yum / dnf / apt-get?
The -y flag in yum, dnf, and apt-get auto-answers yes to every prompt. Useful in scripts; skip it for first-time…
How to Fix DKIM Not Signing Emails in aaPanel
Fix aaPanel emails not being signed by DKIM — chmod 644 the /www/server/dkim/{domain}/default.private file and restart rspamd. Includes DNS publish…
How to Switch from LiteSpeed to Apache in WHM/cPanel
Switch from LiteSpeed to Apache in WHM/cPanel with /usr/local/lsws/admin/misc/cp_switch_ws.sh apache. If LiteSpeed is still running, stop it with lswsctrl stop.
How to Disable Binary Logging in MySQL or MariaDB
Permanently disable binary logging in MySQL or MariaDB by adding skip-log-bin to my.cnf under [mysqld]. Verify with SHOW VARIABLES LIKE…
How to Stop Cron Output (and the Spam Emails)
Stop cron-job output and email spam by redirecting stdout and stderr to /dev/null with >/dev/null 2>&1. Includes errors-only variant and…
How to Run a Cron Job as a Non-Root User
Run a cron job as a non-root user with crontab -e (per user), sudo crontab -u username -e (from root),…
How to Reset the LiteSpeed WebAdmin Console Password
Reset the LiteSpeed WebAdmin Console password by running /usr/local/lsws/admin/misc/admpass.sh as root. Change takes effect immediately — no service restart needed.
How to Safely Clean Up MySQL Binary Log Files
Safely clean up MySQL binary log files (mysql-bin.*) with PURGE BINARY LOGS — never rm them directly. Includes replica-safety check…